ဖတ္မိသမွ်ေလးေတြ (have got & have got to)

ဒီတစ္ပတ္ေတာ့ ဘာသာျပန္ေနရင္းကေန ကြ်န္ေတာ္ဖတ္လုိက္မိတာေလးေတြကုိ Post တစ္ခုအေနနဲ.တင္လုိက္ပါတယ္ ။

have got & have got to

have got

1. British English မွာ have got ဆုိတဲ့ structure ကုိ ပုိင္ဆုိင္မႈကုိ ေဖာ္ျပတဲ့အခါမွာ သုံးလုိ.ရပါတယ္တဲ့ ။ have နဲ. get ရဲ. V3 ပုံစံ got နဲ.တြဲထားတဲ့အတြက္ verb to have + V3 ပုံစံဝင္ေနေပမယ့္ အဲဒီ structure ဟာ Present Perfect Tense မဟုတ္ပါဘူး Present Tense ပဲျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ပုိင္ဆုိင္မႈကုိ ေဖာ္ျပတဲ့ structure တစ္ခုပဲျဖစ္ပါတယ္ ။ ဥပမာအားျဖင့္ …

They’ve hardly got enough money to live on.

She has got some lovely flowers in her garden.

The children have got a beautiful dolls’ house.

မဟုတ္ဝါက်နဲ. အေမးဝါက်ေတြအတြက္ ဆုိရင္ေတာ့ do မပါဘဲသုံးရပါတယ္ ။

Have you got any brothers or sisters?

Have you got anything more to say?

Has he got a job now?

I haven’t got much hair.

I’m afraid I haven’t got time to do it.

Got-forms ေတြကုိ present tense မွာအသုံးမ်ားပါတယ္ ။ I had got ကေတာ့ အသုံးနည္းပါတယ္တဲ့ ။ Got-forms ေတြဟာ informal ပုံစံေတြျဖစ္ျပီး conversation ေတြမွာအသံုးမ်ားတယ္ writing မွာေတာ့ အသုံးနည္းပါတယ္ ။

2. repetition နဲ. habit ေတြကုိ ေျပာတဲ့အခါမွာေတာ့ got-forms ကုိ အသုံးမျပဳပါဘူး ။ ေအာက္ပါ ဝါက်ေတြကုိ နႈိင္းယွဥ္ၾကည့္ၾကပါစုိ. ။

I’ve got toothache.

I often have toothache. လုိ.ေရးပါတယ္ I’ve often got toothache. လုိ.မေရးရပါဘူး ။

We haven’t got any beer today, I’m afraid.

We don’t often have beer in the house.

have got to

1. အလြယ္ဆုံးနဲ.အရွင္းဆုံးေျပာရရင္ေတာ့ have got to = must ပါပဲ ။

Sorry, I’ve got to go now.

Do you often have to travel on business?

2. got-forms ေတြဟာ Present Tense verb form ေတြပါ ။ ေအာက္မွာၾကည့္ပါ ။

I’ve got to go to London tomorrow.

I had to go to London yesterday. ပါ I had got to လုိ. ေရးလုိ.မရပါဘူး ။

3. ေရွ.မွာ ေရးခဲ့သလုိပါဘဲ got-forms ေတြကုိ repetition နဲ. habit ေတြအေၾကာင္းေျပာရာမွာ မသုံးရပါဘူး။ ေအာက္ကဝါက်ေတြကုိ ၾကည့္ၾကပါစုိ. ။

I’ve got to write a financial report tomorrow.

I have to write financial report at the end of every month.